Unit 6: Impacts of Computing

Give short answers to the following short response questions (SRQs).

Q.1) Illustrate the responsible use of computer hardware by an individual.

Ans:

• Handling devices with care to prevent physical damage.
• Keeping hardware clean and dust-free to maintain optimal performance.
• Using devices in appropriate environments with proper ventilation and temperature control.
• Regularly backing up data to prevent loss in case of hardware failure.
• Installing and updating antivirus software to protect against malware and security threats.

Q.2) What does appropriate software use entail?

Ans:

• Adhering to software licenses and copyrights.
• Using software for its intended purpose.
• Respecting terms of service and user agreements.
• Regularly updating software for security and performance.
• Avoiding piracy and using legitimate copies of software.

Q.3) How do you stay safe while conducting data searches online?

Ans: Using digital platforms for data searches can be a valuable tool, but it is important to prioritize safety and privacy. Stick to well-known and trusted platforms for your data searches. Popular search engines like Google, Bing, and data repositories like government websites or academic databases are usually safe choices. Avoid sharing sensitive personal information when conducting searches.

Q.4) Extract and enlist some key aspects of responsible social networking.

Ans: Safe use of digital platforms like social networking is essential to protect your personal information, privacy, and overall online security. Social media can be a great way to connect and share, it is important to use these platforms responsibly and safely to protect your personal information and privacy. Be especially careful about sharing financial information, medical information, or your home address.

Q.5) sketch the positive impacts of social networking in today’s society.

Ans:

• Enhanced communication and connectivity.
• Increased access to information and diverse perspectives.
• Facilitation of social movements and activism.
• Opportunities for professional networking and career advancement.
• Support for mental health and well-being through online communities.
• Platform for creative expression and collaboration.

Q.6) Relate fake news affecting our understanding of current events.

Ans: Fake news can distort our understanding of current events by spreading misinformation, manipulating public opinion, and undermining trust in credible sources. This misinformation can lead to confusion, polarization, and misguided decision-making, ultimately impacting societal perceptions and responses to important issues.

Q.7) Summarize some of the adverse effects of social networking.

Ans:

• Increased risk of cyberbullying and harassment.
• Negative impact on mental health, including anxiety and depression.
• Reduced face-to-face social interactions and loneliness.
• Privacy concerns and data breaches.
• Spread of misinformation and fake news.
• Addiction and excessive screen time.
• Impact on productivity and academic performance.

Q.8) Interpret the dangers associated with the spread of fake news online.

Ans: The spread of fake news online poses significant dangers, including:

• Spreading false information and creating a distorted view of reality.
• Reducing trust in reliable sources and important institutions.
• Increasing division and polarization within society.
• Shaping public opinion and affecting political results.
• Creating confusion and making it harder for people to make informed decisions.
• Making people distrust trustworthy information sources.

Q.9) Examine the computing influence on personal privacy.

Ans:  Computing has both positive and negative impacts on personal privacy:

Positive impacts of computing on privacy:

• Encryption and secure tools keep personal information safe.
• Privacy-focused tools let people control their own data.
• Privacy settings on social media help manage what others see.
• Anonymizing data protects personal info in studies and analyses.

Negative impacts of computing on privacy:

• Companies and governments collect data, reducing privacy.
• Surveillance technology can invade personal privacy.
• Data breaches and cyber-attacks put personal info at risk.
• Profiling and targeting use personal data to predict behaviors, affecting privacy.

Q.10) Criticize about the role computing plays in shaping educational practices.

Ans:  Computing has changed education in many ways, but it also has some challenges. While technology can make learning more engaging and give students access to a lot of information, it can lead to over-reliance on screens, which may hinder critical thinking and social skills. Not every student has equal access to technology, creating a gap between those who can benefit from it and those who can’t.

Write long answers of the following questions

Q.1) Identify the precautions that need to be taken to ensure the physical safety of computer hardware.

Ans:

Extended Lifespan of Hardware

An ethical way to lessen technological waste is to extend the life of devices. This can be achieved by giving gadgets the correct care, preventing physical harm, and keeping them free of wreckages and dust. The lifespan of hardware is also increased by routine software upgrades and security patches.

Data Security and Privacy

Safeguarding sensitive data requires the use of encryption, strong passwords, and two-factor authentication. To address security flaws that could be used by malicious actors, software and firmware updates must be conducted on a regular basis.

Sensible Upgrades

When improving your computer or other electronic devices, it is important to be responsible. Do not upgrade just because there is a new version available – doing that can create more waste. Upgrading can be good if it makes your device work better and keeps it safe from online threats.

Safe Hardware Use

Using hardware responsibly also involves ensuring safety. Following manufacturer guidelines for proper usage, handling, and maintenance of hardware prevents accidents and injuries. This is particularly important in industrial settings where improper hardware use can have serious consequences.

Ethics in Hardware Use

Ethical issues are included in responsible hardware use. Use only authorized software and hardware. Do not use it to visit websites that have been restricted by the IT authorities, such as PTA in Pakistan, or to download or share unlawful content. Do not install any software or make any changes to the settings without permission.

Q.2) Judge the meaning of using software legally and ethically.

Ans: Using software legally and ethically is crucial for several reasons:

Observing the Law

Always abide by all applicable legal requirements, including copyright and intellectual property laws, when using software.

Ethical Use

Avoid using software for unethical or malicious purposes, such as hacking, spreading malware, or engaging in cyberbullying. Consider the potential ethical implications of software use and strive to make choices that align with moral values.

Privacy and Data Protection

When using software, be mindful of others and your own privacy. Pay attention to the personal information share and how it is used. Software privacy settings should be familiarized and set up according to the preferences.

Intellectual Property

Respect intellectual property rights when using or developing software, including patents, trademarks, and copyrights. Give due recognition to those who created and contributed to open-source software.

Proper Licensing

Be aware of the software’s licensing terms and obey them. This includes understanding open-source licenses, commercial licenses, and their requirements.

Q.3) Express the ways, users can recognize and protect themselves from online cheats and phishing attempts.

Ans:  To recognize and protect yourself from online cheats and phishing attempts, follow these simple steps:

Recognizing Phishing Attempts

• Check Email Addresses: Look for strange email addresses that may look similar to real ones but have small differences or misspellings.
• Watch for Generic Greetings: Phishing emails often use generic greetings like “Dear Customer” instead of your name.
• Look for Urgent Messages: Be careful of emails that create a sense of urgency, like threats to suspend your account or asking for personal info quickly.
• Hover over Links: Before clicking on any link, hover your mouse over it to see the real website address. If it looks odd or doesn’t match, don’t click.
• Check for Errors: Many phishing emails have spelling or grammar mistakes. Legitimate companies usually proofread their emails.

Protecting Against Phishing

• Use Strong Passwords: Create complex passwords and change them often. Consider using a password manager to help keep track.
• Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Use 2FA when available for added security on your accounts.
• Verify Requests: If you get a suspicious email, contact the company directly using their official website to check if it’s real.
• Install Security Software: Use good antivirus software to help find and block threats.
• Report Suspicious Emails: If you see a phishing attempt, report it to your email provider to help stop future scams.

Q.4) Comment on the key ways in which social networking platforms have revolutionized communication and connectivity in the digital age. Additionally, deduce the positive impacts of these changes on society.

Answer:

Social Networking:

Social networking uses online platforms to connect with others, share information, and communicate. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and WhatsApp help people exchange ideas, keep up with each other, and connect personally and professionally. Social networking has become essential in daily life, changing how we communicate and stay connected worldwide.

Social networking has made communication fast, global, and easy. These platforms allow people to share information, ideas, and experiences instantly, no matter where they are. Through messaging, live videos, and group chats, people can connect in new ways, bringing communities closer and encouraging people to share different perspectives.

Positive impacts on society:

• The positive impacts of social networking on society in short
• Enhanced communication and connectivity
• Access to diverse information and perspectives
• Networking and collaboration opportunities
• Community building and support
• Promotion of social causes and activism
• Business growth and innovation
• Cultural exchange and understanding
• Empowerment of individuals
• Educational opportunities
• Mental health support and awareness.

Q.5) Describe the risks associated with online gaming and social networking for children.

Ans:  Risks Associated with Online Gaming and Social Networking for Children:

Exposure to Inappropriate Content:

Children may encounter inappropriate content such as violence, explicit language, or graphic imagery while gaming or browsing social networking sites. This can have negative effects on their emotional and psychological development.

Online Predators:

Social networking platforms and online gaming communities can be targets for predators who seek to exploit children. Predators may use deceptive tactics to gain children’s trust and engage in grooming behavior with the intention of sexual exploitation or manipulation.

Cyber bullying:

Online gaming and social networking can expose children to cyber bullying, where they may be subjected to harassment, intimidation, or exclusion by peers. Cyber bullying can have serious consequences on children’s mental health and well-being.

Privacy and Data Security Concerns:

Children may not fully understand the importance of privacy settings and the risks associated with sharing personal information online. This leaves them vulnerable to privacy breaches, identity theft, and other forms of exploitation.

Addiction and Excessive Screen Time:

Excessive gaming or social networking can lead to addiction and unhealthy screen time habits,

Impacting children’s physical health, academic performance, and social relationships. It can also contribute to sleep disturbances and behavioral problems.

Impact on Social Skills:

Spending too much time online may detract from face-to-face interactions and hinder the development of essential social skills such as empathy, communication, and conflict resolution.

Online Scams and Fraud:

Children may be susceptible to online scams, phishing attempts, or fraudulent schemes while gaming or engaging in social networking. They may unknowingly share sensitive information or fall victim to deceptive practices.

Exposure to Gambling and In-Game Purchases:

Some online games incorporate gambling-like mechanics or encourage in-game purchases, which can normalize risky behaviors and lead to financial consequences for children and their families.

Q.6) Devise steps for governments and businesses in leveraging computing to drive economic growth and innovation.

Ans: Here’s a detailed guide outlining steps for governments and businesses to leverage computing effectively:

For Governments:

Invest in Digital Infrastructure:

Governments should prioritize investments in robust digital infrastructure, including high-speed internet access, data centers, and cloud computing services. This infrastructure forms the backbone of digital economies and enables businesses to leverage computing resources efficiently.

Promote Digital Literacy and Skills Development:

Governments should invest in programs to enhance digital literacy and equip citizens with the necessary skills for the digital workforce. This includes initiatives for training in coding, data analytics, cyber security, and other relevant fields.

Facilitate Research and Development (R&D):

Governments can support R&D initiatives in computing technologies through funding, grants, and partnerships with academic institutions and private sector organizations. This fosters innovation and drives the development of cutting-edge technologies.

Support Digital Transformation in Public Services:

Governments should lead by example in adopting digital technologies and modernizing public services. This includes digitizing government processes, implementing e-government solutions, and leveraging data analytics for evidence-based policymaking.

Encourage Collaboration and Partnerships:

Governments can facilitate collaboration between industry stakeholders, academia, and research institutions to foster innovation ecosystems. Public-private partnerships can accelerate technology adoption, drive research initiatives, and create synergies for economic growth.

For Businesses:

Embrace Cloud Computing and Data Analytics:

Businesses should leverage cloud computing services to access scalable computing resources and reduce infrastructure costs. Additionally, adopting data analytics technologies enables businesses to extract insights from large volumes of data, driving informed decision-making and innovation.

Invest in Research and Development:

Businesses should allocate resources for R&D efforts aimed at developing innovative products, services, and solutions powered by computing technologies. This may involve establishing dedicated R&D teams, partnering with research institutions, or participating in industry consortia.

Promote Digital Skills Development:

Businesses should invest in training programs to up skill their workforce in digital technologies and computing skills. This ensures that employees are equipped to leverage emerging technologies and drive innovation within the organization.

Collaborate with Startups and SMEs:

Large enterprises can foster innovation by collaborating with startups and. small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the technology ecosystem.

This includes partnerships for technology development, joint ventures, and investment in promising startups.

Protect Intellectual Property Rights:

Businesses should prioritize the protection of intellectual property rights related to computing technologies, including patents, copyrights, and trade secrets. This safeguards their innovations and provides a competitive advantage in the market.

Q.7) Compare the impact of online platforms and algorithms on cultural diversity and the spread of global or local culture?

Ans:

Impact on Cultural Diversity:

Online Platforms:

• Online platforms can both help and hurt cultural diversity. They provide a place for different voices to share their cultures and connect with others worldwide.
• Social media allows people to showcase their traditions and languages, promoting understanding among cultures.
• However, if a few major platforms dominate, they can overshadow smaller cultures and only highlight popular content.

Algorithms:

• Algorithms shape what we see online by curating content based on what users like. While this makes the experience personal, it can limit exposure to diverse cultures.
• Algorithms often show users content similar to what they already like, creating filter bubbles where only familiar views are seen.
• This can reinforce stereotypes and marginalize less mainstream cultures.

Impact on the Spread of Global or Local Culture:

Online Platforms:

• These platforms help spread both global and local culture.
• Globalization allows cultural products like music, movies, and books to reach a wide audience through digital platforms.
• Local creators can gain visibility and access to global markets, breaking geographic and cultural barriers.
• However, dominant global platforms can lead to a uniform culture where only popular content is seen.

Algorithms:

• Algorithms influence what cultural content is visible. They may prioritize popular items, promoting global products while pushing local content to the background.
• This can create a situation where only a few successful cultural products are noticed, crowding out diverse local content.
• On the positive side, algorithms can help users discover independent or niche cultural content based on their interests.

Select the best answer for the following MCQs.

1. What does responsible use of hardware entail?

a) Using outdated software

b) Treating computer equipment with care and respect

c) Ignoring software updates

d) Sharing passwords with friends

2. Which of the following is an example of appropriate use of software?

a) Downloading and using cracked software

b) Regularly updating software to the latest version

c) Sharing software licenses with multiple users

d) Disabling antivirus software for faster performance

3. Safe use of digital platforms includes:

a) Sharing personal information with anyone online

b) Using strong, unique passwords for each online account

c) Downloading files from unknown sources without scanning for malware

d) Accepting friend requests from strangers without verifying their identity

4. Which of the following is an example of inappropriate software use?

a) Using licensed software for personal projects

b) Respecting software copyrights and licenses

c) Modifying software code without permission from the developer

d) Updating software regularly to improve its performance

5. Which of the following is a potential harmful effect of social networking?

a) Promoting social awareness and activism

b) Facilitating cyberbullying and harassment

c) Fostering offline community engagement

d) Enhancing critical thinking skills

6. How can fake news be harmful in the context of computing innovations?

a) It encourages fact-checking and critical thinking.

b) It can manipulate public opinion and spread misinformation.

c) It fosters trust in credible news sources.

d) It has no impact on society.

7. In what way can social networking platforms positively impact businesses and entrepreneurs?

a) By decreasing the reach and visibility of businesses

b) By limiting customer engagement and feedback

c) By providing a platform for marketing, customer engagement, and networking

d) By increasing operational costs and inefficiencies

8. What is one potential beneficial effect of social networking platforms?

a) Enhanced personal privacy

b) Improved offline communication skills

c) Increased connectivity and networking opportunities

d) Reduced exposure to diverse viewpoints

9. What is an ethical concern related to computing?

a) Increased accessibility to information

b) Enhanced cybersecurity measures

c) Privacy breaches and data misuse

d) Improved healthcare through telemedicine

10. What is a cultural impact of computing?

a) Preservation of traditional cultural practices and customs.

b) Homogenization of global culture with a single dominant culture.

c) Elimination of the need for cultural preservation efforts.

d) Reduced cultural diversity and innovation.

11. How does computing contribute to economic practices?

a) It increases manual labor jobs.

b) It has no impact on job markets.

c) It automates tasks, leading to job displacement but also creating new job opportunities.

d) It primarily benefits large corporations, neglecting small businesses.

12. Which of the following is a personal benefit of computing in healthcare?

a) Reduced access to medical information

b) Increased medical errors

c) Improved telemedicine and healthcare accessibility

d) Lower healthcare costs